Published Research

Peer Reviewed Publications

2024

Ralston, L., Campbell, J., Gilley, P. M., Nielson, M., and Brown, K. (2024). Sensory Gating Networks in Normal-Hearing Adults With Minimal Tinnitus. American Journal of Audiology, 33(1): 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_AJA-23-00122

2023

Uhler, K. M., Tollin, D. J., and Gilley, P. M. (2023). EEG Alpha Band Responses Reveal Amplification Benefits in Infants with Hearing Loss. Children, 10(3): 600. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030600
Uhler, K. M., Walker, K. A., Tollin, D. J., and Gilley, P. M. (2023). Exploring the impact hearing differences have on the development of speech perception during infancy. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 153(3_supplement): A205. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0018667

2022

Ovans, Z., Hsu, N. S., Bell-Souder, D., Gilley, P. M., Novick, J. M., and Kim, A. E. (2022). Cognitive control states influence real-time sentence processing as reflected in the P600 ERP. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 37(8): 939-947. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2022.2026422

2021

Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Mason, C. A., Wiggin, M., Grosse, S. D., Gaffney, M., and Gilley, P. M. (2021). Reading proficiency trends following newborn hearing screening implementation. Pediatrics, 148(4): e2020048702. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-048702.
Uhler, K., Hunter, S. and Gilley, P. M. (2021). Mismatched response predicts behavioral speech discrimination outcomes in infants with hearing loss and normal hearing. Infancy, 26: 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12386

2018

Uhler, K. M., Hunter, S. K., Tierney, E., & Gilley, P. M. (2018). The relationship between mismatch response and the acoustic change complex in normal hearing infants. Clinical Neurophysiology, 129(6), 1148–1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.02.132

2017

Gilley, P. M., Uhler, K., Watson, K., & Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2017). Spectral-temporal EEG dynamics of speech discrimination processing in infants during sleep. BMC Neuroscience, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-017-0353-4

2016

Gilley, P. M., Sharma, M., & Purdy, S. C. (2016). Oscillatory decoupling differentiates auditory encoding deficits in children with listening problems. Clinical Neurophysiology, 127(2), 1618–1628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.003

2014

Gilley, P. M., Walker, N. K., & Sharma, A. (2014). Abnormal oscillatory neural coupling in children with language-learning problems and auditory processing disorder. Seminars in Hearing, 35(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1363521
Hilger, A., Ramsberger, G., Gilley, P. M., Menn, L., & Kong, A. (2014). Analysing speech problems in a longitudinal case study of logopenic variant PPA. Aphasiology, 28(7), 840–861. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2014.895974
Nash-Kille, A., Gilley, P. M., & Sharma, A. (2014). Cortical organization and variability in unilateral auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder: A case study. Hearing, Balance and Communication, 12(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.3109/21695717.2013.876159

2013

Kim, A. E., & Gilley, P. M. (2013). Neural mechanisms of rapid sensitivity to syntactic anomaly. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00045

2012

Halpern, A. E., Ramig, L. O., Matos, C. E. C., Petska-Cabl, J. A., Spielman, J. L., Pogod, J. M., Gilley, P. M., Sapir, S., Bennett, J. K., & Mcfarland, D. H. (2012). Innovative technology for the assisted delivery of intensive voice treatment (LSVT®LOUD) for Parkinson disease. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 21(4), 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0125)
Hilger, A., Gilley, P. M., Ramsberger, G., Kong, A., Menn, L., & Kan, P. (2012). Capturing Sound Errors in Aphasic Narration: A Supplement to Existing Measures of Narrative Quality. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 61, 232–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.10.163

2011

Spielman, J., Mahler, L., Halpern, A., Gilley, P. M., Klepitskaya, O., & Ramig, L. (2011). Intensive voice treatment (LSVT ®LOUD) for Parkinson's disease following deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Journal of Communication Disorders, 44(6), 688–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.05.003

2010

Gilley, P. M., & Sharma, A. (2010). Functional Brain Dynamics of Evoked and Event-Related Potentials From The Central Auditory System. Perspectives on Hearing and Hearing Disorders Research and Diagnostics. https://doi.org/10.1044/hhd14.1.12
Gilley, P. M., Sharma, A., Mitchell, T. V., & Dorman, M. F. (2010). The influence of a sensitive period for auditory-visual integration in children with cochlear implants. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 28(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-2010-0525

2008

Gilley, P. M., Sharma, A., & Dorman, M. F. (2008). Cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants. Brain Research, 1239, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.026

2007

Dorman, M. F., Sharma, A., Gilley, P. M., Martin, K., & Roland, P. (2007). Central auditory development: Evidence from CAEP measurements in children fit with cochlear implants. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40(4), 284–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.03.007
Lobo, A. P., Loizou, P. C., Kehtarnavaz, N., Torlak, M., Lee, H., Sharma, A., Gilley, P. M., Peddigari, V., & Ramanna, L. (2007). A PDA-based research platform for cochlear implants. Proceedings of the 3rd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/CNE.2007.369603
Sharma, A., Gilley, P. M., Martin, K., Roland, P., Bauer, P., & Dorman, M. (2007). Simultaneous versus sequential bilateral implantation in young children: Effects on central auditory system development and plasticity. Audiological Medicine, 5(4), 218–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/16513860701659479
Sharma, A., Gilley, P. M., Dorman, M. F., & Baldwin, R. (2007). Deprivation-induced cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Audiology, 46(9). https://doi.org/10.1080/14992020701524836

2006

Gilley, P. M., Sharma, A., Dorman, M., Finley, C. C., Panch, A. S., & Martin, K. (2006). Minimization of cochlear implant stimulus artifact in cortical auditory evoked potentials. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(8), 1772–1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.04.018
Gilley, P. M., Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Martin, K. (2006). Abnormalities in central auditory maturation in children with language-based learning problems. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.05.015

2005

Gilley, P. M., Sharma, A., Dorman, M., & Martin, K. (2005). Developmental changes in refractoriness of the cortical auditory evoked potential. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116(3), 648–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.09.009
Sharma, A., Martin, K., Roland, P., Bauer, P., Sweeney, M. H., Gilley, P. M., & Dorman, M. F. (2005). P1 latency as a biomarker for central auditory development in children with hearing impairment. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 16(8). https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.8.5

2004

Sharma, A., Tobey, E., Dorman, M., Bharadwaj, S., Martin, K., Gilley, P. M., & Kunkel, F. (2004). Central Auditory Maturation and Babbling Development in Infants with Cochlear Implants. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 130, 511–516. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.130.5.511
Professional Presentations

2021

Uhler, L. and Gilley P. M. (2021). Speech evoked cortical responses in infants and children with and without hearing loss. [Featured]. American Academy of Audiology, Auditory Research Conference, Online Conference.

2020

Gilley P. M. (2020). Neurodynamics: Feature extraction and brain source localization. [Invited]. Central Sensory Processes Laboratory lecture series, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Gilley P. M. (2020). EEG Signal Processing: Introduction to EEG pre-processing, feature selection, and data analysis. [Invited]. Cognitive Neuroscience of Language Lab, Univeristy of Colorado, Boulder.

2019

Gilley, P. M. (2019, July). From amplification to attention: The neurophysiology of auditory processing in noise [Featured]. Education Audiology Association, Denver, CO.
Gilley, P. M. (2019, July). From amplification to attention: The neurophysiology of auditory processing in noise [Training]. Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Gilley, P. M. (2019, July). Applications of electrophysiological and behavioral methods of speech perception for the assessment of speech and language development in infants and children [Training]. Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Gilley, P. M. and Uhler, K. M. (2019, July). Stimulus expectancy modulates speech discrimination in infants and children [Featured]. International Evoked Response Audiometry Study Group (IERASG), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Uhler, K. M. and Gilley, P. M. (2019, July). The relationship between MMRTF and Speech Discrimination [Session]. International Evoked Response Audiometry Study Group (IERASG), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

2018

Gilley, P. M. (2018, July). The Role of Infant Sleep States in Early Perceptual Development. MMN 2018: Conference on the Mismatch Responses [Session]. MMN2018, Helsinki, Finland.

2017

Uhler, K. M., & Gilley, P. M. (2017, March). Assessing Speech Perception in Infancy [Featured]. American Academy of Audiology Auditory Research Conference, Indianapolis, IN.
Gilley, P. M. (2017, October). Towards a Dynamical Systems Model of the Nervous System [Colloquium]. Institute of Cognitive Science Colloquium Series, Boulder, CO.

2016

Gilley, P. M. (2016, May). Neurophysiological & Behavioral Assessment of Speech Perception in Infants and Children [Colloquium]. Center for Innovation and Creativity: CINC Tea Series, Boulder, CO.

2015

Gilley, P. M. (2015, February). Effects of noise on top-down processing in the auditory system [Session]. Ultimate Colorado Mid-Winter Meeting & Colorado Otology - Audiology Conference, Vail, CO.
Gilley, P. M. (2015, May). Cross-modal organization and multi-sensory processing: Implications for children’s speech and language processing. Pediatric Academic Societies annual conference. Invited talk for a special panel on translational research [Session]. Pediatric Academic Societies, San Diego, CA.
Gilley, P. M. (2015, July). Physiological biomarkers for auditory processing [Keynote]. Frontiers in Hearing Bienniel Conference, Vail, CO.

2014

Gilley, P. M. (2014, February). Oscillatory neural coupling in children with listening problems [Session]. Ultimate Colorado Mid-Winter Meeting & Colorado Otology - Audiology Conference, Vail, CO.
Gilley, P. M., & Uhler, K. M. (2014, April). Assessing infant speech discrimination: Brain and behaviour [Session]. Colorado Audiology Association Annual Meeting, Denver, CO.
Gilley, P. M. (2014, May). Brain Rhythms: Functional Brain Networks Mediated by Oscillatory Neural Coupling [Ignite]. Ignite SLHS, Boulder, CO.

2013

Gilley, P. M. (2013, February). Selective attention in children with language-based learning impairments [Session]. Ultimate Colorado Mid-Winter Meeting & Colorado Otology - Audiology Conference, Vail, CO.
Gilley, P. M. (2013, April). Mechanisms of selective attention: implications for children with language-learning impairments [Keynote]. Inaugural Conference of the Australian Hearing Hub, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Gilley, P. M. (2013, April). Dynamical modeling and brain source analysis of auditory evoked potentials [Colloquium]. National Acoustics Laboratory Colloquium Series, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Gilley, P. M. (2013, April). Minimization of cochlear implant stimulus artifact in the scalp recorded EEG [Colloquium]. Cochlear Corporation Lecture Series, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Gilley, P. M. (2013, April). Neural mechanisms of selective attention [Colloquium]. Audiology Colloquium, Department of Communication Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

2012

Gilley, P. M. (2012, February). Mechanisms of Attention in Auditory Processing Disorders [Session]. Ultimate Colorado Mid-Winter Meeting & Colorado Otology - Audiology Conference, Vail, CO.
Gilley, P. M. (2012, February). Evolution of Language in the Brain [Public]. Darwin Day 2012, CU Museum of Natural Science.

2011

Gilley, P. M. (2011, February). Functional brain imaging of auditory processes [Session]. Ultimate Colorado Mid-Winter Meeting & Colorado Otology - Audiology Conference, Vail, CO.
Gilley, P. M. (2011, July). Coincident sources of gamma activity during auditory-visual integration [Session]. International Evoked Response Audiometry Study Group (IERASG) Bienniel Symposium, Moscow, Russia.

2010

Gilley, P. M. (2010, March). Anatomy and physiology of the non-classical auditory pathways [Session]. Frontiers in Hearing: Beyond Newborn Hearing Screening, Marion Downs Center, Aurora, CO.

2008

Sharma, A. (2008, May). The Clinical Applications of Cortical Evoked Potentials [Keynote]. 2008 Annual Meeting of the Alaska Speech, Language and Hearing Association, Anchorage, AK.
Gilley, P. M. (2008, September). Brain activity in response to sound: Cross- validation of brain source localization using three brain imaging techniques [Featured]. National Academies Keck Futures Initiative for Smart Prosthetics, Cleveland, OHz

2007

Gilley, P. M. (2007, October). Cortical reorganization during sensory deprivation [Colloquium]. Institute of Cognitive Science: ICS Colloquium Series, Boulder, CO.

2006

Gilley, P. M. (2006, June). Maturation of the central auditory system in children with cochlear implants [Keynote]. ONH-Dagarna (Swedish Society for Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery), Norkoping, Sweden.
Gilley, P. M. (2006, October). Consequences of cortical reorganization during sensory deprivation [Session]. 2nd International Symposium for Biophysics, Shanghai, China.

2004

Gilley, P. M. (2004, April). Maturation of the auditory evoked potentials: implications for auditory processing disorders [Session]. Texas Speech Language & Hearing Association Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

2003

Gilley, P. M. (2003, April). Development of refractoriness in the central auditory system [Session]. American Academy of Audiology Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
Sharma, A. (2003, April). Relationship between central auditory development and speech perception ability in cochlear implanted children [Session]. 9th Symposium on Cochlear Implants in Children, Washington DC.

2001

Gilley, P. M. (2001, June). Physiology and diagnosis of auditory neuropathy [Session]. Pan-American Audiology Society, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Conference Posters

2024

Uhler, K. M., Tollin, D. J., Madrid, A., and Gilley, P. M. (2024, May). Assessing the Role of Auditory Access in Infancy [Poster]. 186th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

2020

Uhler, K. M., Gilley, P. M., & Hunter, S. K. (2020, February). Neural Habituation of the Mismatch Response Predicts Pattern Detection and Speech Discrimination in Infants [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Mid-Winter Meeting, Online Conference.

2019

Gilley, P. M., Oines, L., & Kim, A. E. (2019, March). ERPs Reveal Predictive Activation of Word Form Features in Sensory Cortex [Poster]. Conference on Human Sentence Processing, Boulder, CO.

2018

Uhler, K. M., Hunter, S. K., Ries, D. T., & Gilley, P. M. (2018, February). Use of Speech Evoked Response Potentials to Assess Infant Speech Discrimination [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Mid-Winter Meeting, San Diego, CA.

2017

Uhler, K. M., Gilley, P. M., Watson, K., & Ross, R. G. (2017, April). 3-month-old Speech Contrast MMRTF Predicts Performance on Behavioral Measures of Speech Discrimination at 7 months [Poster]. Society for Research in Child Development 2017 Bienniel Meeting, Austin, TX.
Gyldenkaerne, P., Gilley, P. M., Jutras, B., & Sharma, M. (2017, June). Would you like desert? An EEG/MEG study of audiovisual perception of lexical stress in background noise in adults [Poster]. Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience & MEG, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

2016

Gilley, P. M., Uhler, K. M., Watson, K., & Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2016, February). Automated detection of speech discrimination responses in infants during sleep staging [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Mid-Winter Meeting, San Diego, CA.
Gyldenkaerne, P., Gilley, P. M., & Sharma, M. (2016, February). An EEG/MEG study of audiovisual perception of syllabic stress in background noise in adults [Poster]. Audiology Australia National Conference 2016, Melbourne, Australia.

2015

Walker, N. K., & Gilley, P. M. (2015, March). Effects of phonological pattern frequency and word frequency on EEG time frequency analysis and source analysis [Poster]. American Academy of Audiolgy Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

2012

Walker, N. (2012, March). Classification of words and syllables: A P3 ERP study [Poster]. Cogitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.
Cochell, J., & Gilley, P. M. (2012, April). Effects of Stimulus Predictability on Cortical Auditory Evoked Responses [Poster]. American Academy of Audioloy Annual Meeting, Boston, MA.

2011

Gilley, P. M., Sharma, A., & Walker, N. (2011, July). Sources of experimental and statistical error in analysis of the cortical auditory evoked potentials [Poster]. International Evoked Response Audiometry Study Group (IERASG) Bienniel Symposium, Moscow, Russia.

2010

Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., Martin, K., Nash-Kille, A., Gilley, Phillip M., & Campbell, J. (2010, February). A sensitive period for sequential bilateral implantation [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Mid-Winter Meeting, Anaheim, CA.
Sharma, A., Cardon, G., Nash-Kille, A., & Gilley, Phillip M. (2010, February). Central auditory maturation in children with auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Mid-Winter Meeting, Anaheim, CA.
Halpern, A. E., Spielman, J. L., Ramig, L. O., & Gilley, Phillip M. (2010, April). Speech Treatment for PD Individuals Post Deep Brain Stimulation: LSVT-DBS [Poster]. American Speech-Langugage-Hearing Association Annual Conference, Philadelphia, PA.
Spielman, J. L., Gilley, Phillip M., Halpern, A. E., & Ramig, L. O. (2010, April). Relationship of the Modified Communicative Effectiveness Index (CETI-M) to Voice Handicap, Acoustics, and Behavioral Characteristics in People with Parkinson Disease [Poster]. American Speech-Langugage-Hearing Association Annual Conference, Philadelphia, PA.
Spielman, J. L., Halpern, A. E., Gilley, Phillip M., & Ramig, L. O. (2010, April). Communication and participation in Parkinson’s disease: Reliability of significant other ratings [Poster]. American Speech-Langugage-Hearing Association Annual Conference, Philadelphia, PA.
Halpern, A. E., Spielman, J. L., Ramig, L. O., & Gilley, Phillip M. (2010, May). Speech Treatment for Individuals with IPD Post Deep Brain Stimulation: LSVT-DBS [Poster]. Motor Speech Conference, Savannah, GA.
Spielman, J. L., Gilley, Phillip M., Halpern, A. E., & Ramig, L. O. (2010, May). Relationship of Communicative Effectiveness to Voice Handicap, Acoustics, and Behavioral Characteristics in People with Parkinson Disease [Poster]. Motor Speech Conference, Savannah, GA.
Gilley, Phillip M. (2010, June). Evidence for mediation of the redundant signal effect by early gamma enhancement during simultaneous auditory-visual stimulation [Poster]. 11th International Multisensory Research Forum, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Gilley, P. M. (2010, October). Dynamic cortical interactions during auditory-visual integration [Poster]. Society for Psychophysiological Research 50th Annual Meeting, Portland, OR.

2009

Finan, D., Arehart, K., & Gilley, Phillip M. (2009, April). A Content and Recruiting Course: The Science of Human Communication [Poster]. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA.
Hannon, B., Spielman, J. L., Halpern, A. E., Ramig, L. O., & Gilley, Phillip M. (2009, April). Laryngeal behavior following intensive speech treatments in Parkinson’s disease [Poster]. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA.

2008

Nash-Kille, A., Gilley, Phillip M., & Sharma, A. (2008, May). Auditory cortical mapping in a pediatric patient with auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony [Poster]. 2008 Annual Meeting of the Colorado Academy of Audiology, Denver, CO.
Gilley, Phillip M., Dorman, M. F., & Sharma, A. (2008, September). Brain activity in response to sound: Cross- validation of brain source localization using three brain imaging techniques [Poster]. National Academies Keck Futures Initiative for Smart Prosthetics, Cleveland, OH.
White, T., Gabbard, A., Nash-Kille, A., Campbell, J., Gilley, Phillip M., & Sharma, A. (2008, September). Cortical Changes with high-frequency hearing loss [Poster]. 2008 Annual Meeting of The Colorado Academy of Audiology, Estes Park, CO.

2006

Gilley, Phillip M., Sharma, A., Mitchell, T. V., & Dorman, M. F. (2006, October). Auditory-Visual Integration in Children with Cochlear Implants [Poster]. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, San Francisco, cA.

2005

Gilley, Phillip M., Panch, A. S., Sharma, A., Finley, C. C., Dorman, M. F., & Martin, K. (2005, August). Minimization of stimulus artifact in cortical auditory evoked potentials [Poster]. 10th Symposium on Cochlear Implants in Children, Dallas, TX.
Martin, K., Agung, K., Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., Roland, P., Bauer, P., Sweeney, M. H., & Gilley, Phillip M. (2005, August). Cortical maturation in children with auditory neuropathy before and after implantation [Poster]. 10th Symposium on Cochlear Implants in Children, Dallas, TX.

2004

Gilley, Phillip M., Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., Todd, N. W., & Fainberg, J. (2004, February). Assessing development of the auditory system in normal-hearing children and children with cochlear implants by use of a stimulus train with decreasing inter-stimulus intervals [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Annual Mid-Winter Meeting, Daytona Beach, FL.

2003

Gilley, Phillip M., Sharma, A., Martin, K., & Dorman, M. F. (2003, February). Developmental changes in refractoriness of the cortical auditory evoked potential [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Annual Mid-Winter Meeting, St. Pete’s Beach, FL.
Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., Todd, N. W., Gilley, Phillip M., Fainberg, J., & Martin, K. (2003, February). Central auditory system development in children with hearing impairment [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Annual Mid-Winter Meeting, St. Pete’s Beach, FL.
Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., Todd, N. W., Martin, K., Fainberg, J., Gilley, Phillip M., & Spahr, A. (2003, February). A sensitive period for the Development of the Central Auditory System in Children with Cochlear Implants [Poster]. Association for Research in Otolaryngology Annual Mid-Winter Meeting, St. Pete’s Beach, FL.
Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., Todd, N. W., Martin, K., Fainberg, J., Gilley, Phillip M., & Spahr, A. (2003, March). Central auditory system development and plasticity in children with cochlear implants who are implanted later in childhood [Poster]. American Otological Society, Nashville, TN.
Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., Todd, N. W., Martin, K., Fainberg, J., Gilley, Phillip M., & Spahr, A. (2003, April). Age of cochlear implantation affects central auditory development [Poster]. American Academy of Audiology Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX.